Clock Domain Crossing & Metastability Analysis
Setup/Hold Violation: When Data changes inside the capture window of CLK_B, the FF output becomes METASTABLE (oscillating).
Solution: A multi-stage synchronizer allows time for the metastable state to settle to a valid '0' or '1' before propagation.
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures): Increases exponentially with each flip-flop stage added.